Will It Kill Me? An Overview of Common Deerfield Fauna

Deerfield Academy is fortunate to be positioned in a location with such proximity to our planet’s natural life. 200 million years ago, the splitting of Pangaea and the resulting formation of the North American continent created a rift in the land which became the Deerfield River. From there, the water became the beating heart of the region. Since its inception, hundreds if not thousands of species have called this geographical area their home. Some have left only their remains, while others have evolved into the very birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians we see today roaming campus and its surroundings. Despite crossing paths with these animals daily, most of us remain unaware of their impressive capabilities—or even what that critter is. Intrinsically, many misconceptions and myths have arisen, drawing us away from the beauty of the diverse ecosystem right on our doorstep. As such, a common question pops into our minds when we see something we are unfamiliar with: Will it kill me?

The answer? It depends.

Animalia—Mammals:

Eastern Gray Squirrel: The Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) is the most common mammal found on campus and across the Eastern United States. It is easily identified by its distinctive tail, gray fur (often with hints of brown), and large, dark eyes. This species of squirrel is particularly active during dusk and dawn, with some activity in between. Their physiology makes them extremely agile and skilled at scaling trees. To fuel such movement, they consume nuts, seeds, fruits, and fungi, though they are opportunistic and may raid bird feeders or even scavenge human food. Eastern Gray Squirrels pose no harm to humans; nonetheless, they will bite if they feel threatened or cornered. The best way to interact with them is from a distance—a simple task reciprocated by the creatures themselves. Do avoid feeding them as this can alter their natural behavior and encourage unwanted dependency.

Animalia—Amphibians:

Green/Bronze Frog: The Green Frog (Lithobates clamitans), also known as the Bronze Frog, is a palm-sized amphibian that can be identified by its green to brown gradient skin, often with blotches of darker spots and a prominent ridge running alongside its back. These frogs are regularly found in freshwater bodies such as ponds, streams, or the banks of larger rivers. The time of the year and the age of the organism determines their level of locomotion, with larger, older frogs leaning towards a more nocturnal lifestyle. They feed primarily on insects, small crustaceans, and occasionally, if they catch it, small fish. Green frogs are no threat to humans, although improper handling can stress the animal and potentially harm its wellbeing. The sensation of “sliminess” when interacting with an amphibian bare-handed comes from the mucus secreted by the animal’s skin. This thin layer of membrane keeps the skin moist, allows the frog to breathe, and shields it from the environment. The oils and salts from human hands can wipe these off, increasing the chance of injury. It’s best to observe them in their natural habitats and avoid direct contact to ensure their health.

Animalia—Insects:

Glossosomatidae Caddisfly: The Glossosoma genus of caddisflies are on par with its family members in that they are miniscule aquatic insects during its larval stage. However, this genus differentiates itself through its ability to construct portable cases made of pebbles and sand, which it lives in for protection, like a shell. Their larvae can be found in clean, fast-flowing streams and rivers, clinging to submerged rocks while feeding on algae and decaying organic matter. Adult caddisflies are similar to moths in appearance, with drab, tan-colored wings held tent-like over the body when not moving. They are short-lived in this later form and are primarily active at night. Caddisflies, like most common insects, are harmless to humans. Yet, despite their size, they are incredibly crucial to stream ecosystems by helping break down organic materials and serving as food for fish. Their presence in water is an indicator of excellent water quality; thus, the best way to interact with them is to ensure their homes are not disturbed by pollution or habitat destruction.

Crane Fly: The Crane Fly (Tippula spp.) is a long-legged fly that drives people away in fear due to its resemblance to a mosquito. Although they both have a slender body and long, spindly legs, the Crane Fly lacks the distinctive proboscis (the mouth) that makes the mosquito so fearsome. Typically measuring 1-2 inches in length, these flies have a wingspan that sometimes exceeds their body length. Also parallel to mosquitos, crane flies are most active during the warmer months, sticking to damp environments with heavy vegetation near water sources. Interestingly, these flies stop consuming any food once they enter the adult phase, relying on the stored energy they gained in their larval stage from eating decaying plant matter in the water. Crane flies pose absolutely no threat to humans; they do not bite, sting, or even wish to be in the presence of a human. Of course, positive interactions with them should not include swatting or any attempt of killing the insect. It’s best to “let them be”, as they help decompose ammoniac matter and act as food for larger wildlife.